I'm currently working on my Appellate Brief for my Legal Research, Writing, & Advocacy class. An important element of the Brief is the determination of the appropriate Standard of Review that the Appellate Court is supposed to use to review the District (Trial) Court's opinion.
If the appeal is based upon a question of law (i.e. Is it illegal to drive faster than 20 MPH in a school zone?), then the Appellate Court can use the
de novo standard, which means that it can review everything in the District Court's opinion, including law, facts, and discretionary judgment.
If the appeal is based upon a question of fact (i.e. Was the vehicle moving greater than 20 MPH in the school zone?), then the standard is
clearly erroneous, which means that the Appellate Court has to accept all facts in the opinion as true, and apply them in the light most favorable to the Appellee.
Finally, if the appeal is based upon judicial discretion (i.e. Did the judge rule correctly in excluding eyewitness testimony of the vehicle in the school zone?), then the standard is
abuse of discretion, which means that the District Court judge will only be overruled if he unequivocally misapplied the law or procedure, or in some other way abused his position of authority in a prejudicial manner.
For all three standards, the Appellate Court will not overrule a judge if doing so will not alter the outcome of the decision.
As a general rule, the Appellant always wants the Appellate Court to use the
de novo standard, followed by the
clearly erroneous standard, and hopefully not the
abuse of discretion standard. Appellees want the reverse, because the District Court is less likely to be overturned if the standard is
abuse of discretion.
The question I have is tactical in nature. If I argue that the Appellate Court should use a
de novo standard of review, then I can argue my appeal on all of the elements of the case. However, if the Court disagrees with me about the standard of review, then most of my argument will not be valid because I attempted to argue facts as well as law. On the hand, if I only argue the law under the
clearly erroneous standard, then my argument will be seriously handicapped, but there is little chance of it being thrown out as irrelevant. For now, I'm going to argue for the
de novo standard, because I'm the attorney for the Appellant, but I'll have to bring this up in class and see what Professor M has to say.